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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. L. JUDSON. VACUUM PUMP.

No. 473,509. PatentedAp-r. 26, 1892,

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% 9 7m dmmu UNITED STATES PATENT OFFI E.

VVHITOOMB L. JUDSON, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y.

VACUUM-PUMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 473,509, dated April 26, 1892.

Application filed September 25, 1890. Serial No. 366,167. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, W'HITOOMB L. J UDSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vacuum-Pumps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and-exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention belongs to the same class and has in view the same object as another application filed by me of even date hereWithnamely, to provide an efficient vacuum-pump or liquid motor. In both cases I employ a pair of concave-convex heads arranged with their convex faces adjacent to each other and have the axis or central line of at least one of the heads arranged at an angle to the other. To one or both of the heads such a motion is imparted as will cause the rims of the two heads to meet and separate in a radial line of contact, which is progressive around their common center. The space between the two heads is inclosed at its outer margin by a spherical rim or flange projecting laterally from one of the heads and is divided radially by an abutment seated in one head and work ing through a slot in the other. Inlet and outlet ports are located on the opposite sides of the radial abutment. \Vhen used as an aircompressor, the inlet-ports communicate with the free air and the outlet-ports with a receiver, and the outlet-ports are provided with spring-seated check-valvesto prevent the return of the compressed air. Between the centers of the heads in half-sockets provided for the purpose is located a ball-bearing, which is preferably formed integral with the radial abutment. The radial slot through which the abutment passes is provided with spherical seats for segmental packing-plates, and the inner radial margin of the abutment-plate is also spherical in cross-section and is seated in a corresponding radial socket in the other head. This constructionpermitsawabble-like motion on the ball-bearing as a center and allows the abutment to have a hinge-like motion in its seats while keeping the segmental packin g-strips constantly in contact with its faces. The outer margin of the head, which works laterally against the spherical flange, and the outer margin of the abutment are both provided with annular packing-strips to prevent leakage. One or both heads is provided on the convex face with a frictional surface of some yielding or elastic material-such as rubber cloth-to insure a tight joint on .the radial line of contact. The progression of this radialline of contact or the proper motion to effect anexpansion and contraction in the space between the two heads may be secured in several different ways. In the said former application this was accomplished by securing both heads on the ends of revoluble shafts set at an angle to each other and provided with thrust-bearings to resist the endwise pressure. Both heads were revolved, the expansion occurring on divergent sides of the shaft and the contraction on the convergent sides thereof. In the present application I do not revolve either of the heads. I secure one of the heads immovably in a suitable setting. In line with the center of the fixed head I place a drivingshaft provided with a crank-arm extended therefrom at right angles. The other head rests upon the ball-bearing as a pivot and has its shaft journaled at its upper end in the crank-arm of the driving-shaft. This causes the shaft of the movable head always to stand at an angle with reference to the line through the ball-bearing and the driving-shaft. Hence when the driving-shaft is revolved the upperend of the shaft of the movable head will swing in a circle and the headitself will make a wabble-like motion on the ball-bearing, causing the radial line of contact between the two heads to progress around the ball-bearing as a center. To relieve the end-thrust from the pressure between the heads and also to effect the compression the movable head is loaded with a series of weights counterpoised about its central shaft. The work of the driving-shaft is therefore simply to shift the balance of the Weight from one to the other of the Vertical lines through the ball-bearing. As

long as the limit of compression iskept within the mass of the shifted weight there will be no thrust upon the bearing of the shaft in the crank-arm. Of course if provision were made to withstand the endwise pressure of the shaft the driving-power could be rendered available to produce the compression. There are also other minor differences, such as the location of the inlet and outlet chambers both on the same head.

The construction is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein, like letters referring to like parts throughout Figure 1 is a side elevation and partial section of the machine. Fig. 2 is a front view of the same, the driving .mechanism being removed. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section on the line X X of Fig. 1.

A is a foundation of masonry.

B B B" is a frame-Work for the driving mechanism, the standards B and B being spaced apart for the location of the heads between the same.

0 is the immovable head rigidly set in the foundation A.

DD is the movable head secured to the shaft E is the ball-bearingat the convergent end of the abutment F. The ball-bearing rests in half-sockets at the centers of the heads, and the spherical part of the abutment is seated in a socket f, located on the movable head, and the body of the abutment works through a slot f'in the fixed head and is packed by the segmental strips f.

G is the inlet-chamber and H the outletchamber on the opposite sides of the abutment, both of which are cast integral with the lower face of the fixed head.

G is an inlet-pipe leading from the free air to the chamber G, and H is an outlet-pipe from the chamber H to a receiver. (Not shown.)

9 are the ports leading from the inlet-chamber G to the space between the heads.

h are the outlet-ports leading from the space between the heads to the outlet-chamber H, and h are the spring-seated check-valves located therein.

J is the space between the heads.

J is the flange inclosing the outer limit of the same.

d is the packing-strip in the margin of the movable head, and d the packing-stri p in the outer margin of the abutment.

is the frictional surface of rubber cloth fixed to the upper or movable head.

K are the Weights, preferably of segmental form, so as be readily movable from about the shaft, and are secured in position on the movable head by projecting bolts K or in any other suitable way.

L is the driving-shaft, and L its horizontal crank-arm, into which the upper end of the shaft D is journaled.

M is a gear-wheel on the shaft L, which engages with a similar wheel N on the powershaft I, provided with a pulley P for the application of power.

Q is a valve-seating for the check-valves in the outlet-chamber. v

The operation is as follows: The drivingshaft, being in motion, will swing the top of the shaft D in a circle, rocking or oscillating the movable head on the ball-bearing as a center With a wabble-like motion, causing the progression of the radial line of contact around the ball-bearing as a center, as hereinbefore described. In other words, the rocking motion of the head of the shaft D causes the movable head to approach and depart from the fixed head at different parts of its movement, thereby producing the radial line of contact, which is progressive around the common center. By this separating and closing movement the spaceJ between the two heads is successively expanded and contracted. In the expansive movement a vacuum 1S produced behind theradial line of contact, and the air flows into the same from the nletchamber G. In the contracting movement the air is compressed in advance of the radial line of contact against the abutment, and is forced out through the outlet-ports into the outlet-chamber H by a wedge-like or sweeping movement. This action is practically continuous. It is absolutely continuous at all times, except when the radial line of contact is passing the abutment-spaces.

The general advantage of the machine 1s a reduction of friction and the large ga1n 1n power from the application of the wedge principle. Of course it is evident that the machine would make a good water-pump, and In that event the check-valves might be dispensed with. It is equally obvious that if a liquid under pressure be forced into the space between the heads through one set of ports and the other set of ports be open for its outward passage the movable head will thereby be made to wabble on the ball-bearing as a center, causing the driving-shaft L to be revolved and the machine capable of application as a motor.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is as follows:

1. The combination, with an inclosing flange or casing, of a fixed and amovable c011- vex head having their convex surfaces opposed to each other,,and the said movable head being pivotally mounted on the center of the fixed head, whereby a swinging motion may be imparted to the movable head to effect radial contact between the two heads progressive about their common center.

2. The combination, with an inclosing flange or casing, of a pair of convex heads having their convex surfaces opposed to each other, one of which is fixed and the other of which has a pivotal movement on their common center, of a driving-shaft in line with the axis of the fixed head provided with a crankarm at right angles thereto and a shaft fixed at one end to the center of themovable head and having its other end journaled in said crank-arm.

3. The combination, with an inclosing flange or casing, of a head fixed in the horizontal plane and having a convex upper surface or face and a movable head having a convex lower surface or face opposed thereto IIO pivotally mounted on the fixed head and loaded with weights and means for swinging said loaded movable head about its pivotal center at an angle to its vertical axis, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with an inclosing flange or casing, of the convex head fixed in the horizontal plane, the opposed movable convex head, the ball-bearin g at the common center of the two heads, the vertical driving-shaft in line with the centers of theheads provided with a crank-arm, the shaft flxed at its lower end to the center of the movable head and journaled at its upper end in said crank-arm, and the weights on the movable head counterpoised about its shaft, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the fixed convex head, of the opposing movable convex head, the ball-bearing constituting the common pivotal centers between the two heads, the radial abutment integral with said ball pivotally seated in one head and working between packing-strips pivotally seated in the other head, the flange inclosing the space between the two heads, the inlet and outlet ports to and from said space on the opposite side-of said abutment, and means for swinging said movable head about said ball-bearing as a center.

6. The combination, with the fixed head having a convex upper, face, of the opposing movable head having a convex lower face, the ball-bearing between the two at their common center, the radial abutment integral with said ball pivotally mounted in one head and working between packing-strips pivotally seated in a slot in the other head, the flange inclosing the space between the two heads, the inletports on one side of said abutment, the outletports on the other side of the same provided with check-valves, the vertical driving-shaft in line with the centers of the head provided with a crank-arm, the shaft rising from the center of the movable head and journaled in said crank-arm, and the weights on said movable head counterpoised about its shaft, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WHITOOMB L. JUDSON. 

